大比例尺数字测图的发展趋势

介绍了数字测图的产生背景,并对测量方法与手段的发展历程进行了阐述,分析了大比例尺数字测图系统的发展与简化,最后对大比例尺数字测图的发展趋势进行了展望,以减轻工作人员的工作强度,同时提高了测图的精度。     

泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性研究(二):统计学检验及地质意义

设计了１个采样点／１ｋｍ２、１个组合样／４ｋｍ２，１个采样点／１００～１０００ｋｍ２和１个采样点／１０００～１００００ｋｍ２３个层次的采样密度，系统研究了泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性。运用统计学原理对泛滥平原沉积物中３０～４０余种元素进行正态母体显著性检验、ｔ检验及对多元素总体的灰关联分析，表明用１个采样点／１０００～１００００ｋｍ２的采样密度采集的泛滥平原沉积物具有代表性。因此建议在国际地球化学填图中用泛滥平原沉积物作为全球超低密度地球化学填图的采样介质。     

单桩竖向承载力可靠度指标校核方法的研究

以山东淄博某烟囱项目为例，运用映射变换法计算出在安全系数K=2时，工程实践中可能出现的活荷载、恒荷载标准值比值ID下的单桩可靠度指标β，并给出了ρ，β关系函数，检验了在何种情况下能达到所规定的目标可靠度。     

大比例尺地面数字测图

阐述了数字测图的基本作业过程,阐述了内业数据处理和图形文件的生成,并用地图定位法和地图数字化法两种方法介绍了手扶跟踪数字化仪进行地图的数字化,以提高数字地图的精度。     

“Mapping” Smart Cities

ABSTRACT

Smart cities are designed to use data to optimize resources, maintain sustainability, and improve people’s quality of life. While many urban technologies are employed to make cities “smart,” one constellation of technologies has been less examined in the academic literature—digital maps and the spatial data infrastructure. This paper is an attempt to systematically review the functions and evolution of digital maps and the spatial data infrastructure, with examples from Asia and beyond, in supporting and making smart cities possible. Based on the conceptual framework and empirical case studies, four major research directions of smart mapping are identified to better support smart city initiatives.     

Engineering geological mapping of heterogeneous rock masses in the Northern Apennines: an example from the Parma Valley (Italy)

Most of the geological formations in the Northern Apennines are made up of flysch and tectonic mélanges. A general characterization of the most common rock masses cropping out in the Val Parma is presented in this paper, using the Marinos–Hoek classification based on the Hoek–Brown criterion. Three groups were identified: heterogeneous rock masses essentially controlled by single discontinuities with strengths much lower than the main rock mass (HH); truly heterogeneous rock masses with approximately equal alternations of hard and weak horizons which fail through the weaker materials (TH) and a rock mass in which the majority of the material is weak, tending to soil-like behaviour (WH). A general engineering geological map of the study area is presented, highlighting the spatial distribution of the three different groups.     

自适应有限元不同网格间力学结果传递方法及程序实现

对于依赖于加载历史的自适应有限元分析问题,不同网格间力学结果的传递过程起着重要作用。基于按距离加权平均的改进插值方法,研究分步加载时自适应有限元不同网格间力学结果的继承问题。为使传递结果合理并减小计算工作量,插值方法采取选择邻近数据点、考虑方向影响、适当提高结果场的光滑性并使其通过全部已知数据点等措施;针对开挖过程中结构介质不断改变、开挖工作面不断移动及不同开挖步引入的介质之间场变量不连续等特点,采取分区划分网格并插值方式,构造不同网格间应力及位移结果的传递过程。所述传递过程,能为自适应有限元模拟多步骤开挖及弹塑性增量荷载分析等各种分步加载计算问题的解决提供有利条件。最后,给出2个算例以验证传递过程的可靠性。按增量荷载初应力方法对厚壁筒弹塑性分析表明,其结果与理论解吻合;模拟多步开挖的工程实例计算结果亦展示出所述传递方法的有效性。     

Resistance variation of low-quality aggregates

With an ever-decreasing source of aggregate, this study reports laboratory tests on geologically young material, some of which is unconsolidated, in order to determine whether they can be used as aggregates. Los Angeles abrasion and aggregate impact values were compared and correlations made between these parameters and the petrographic composition of the material, as well as some other common properties (particle shape, water absorption). The drift deposits tested consisted mainly of limestone gravels although clasts of sandstone with some deleterious chert and fine material were also present. Whilst the laboratory test results did not always conform to the requirements of the common Standards for aggregates, it was considered that, with appropriate processing, many of the materials could be used.      

现代土木工程测量课程教学改革新思路

土木工程是一门范围广阔的综合性学科。新的世纪 ,新的形势 ,新的专业设置 ,给土木工程学科带来了新的发展机遇 ;新仪器、新技术、新方法 ,赋予测绘科学新内涵 ;新环境、新要求 ,带给测量课程教学改革新思路。